AP Biology Unit 1: Chemistry of Life — Mind Map

Reviews water's properties (polarity, hydrogen bonding, cohesion, adhesion), the four classes of biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids), monomers and polymers, dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis, protein structure (primary through quaternary), and the role of enzymes.

Chemistry of Life
- Proteins
  - Monomer & Bonds
    - Amino Acids
    - Peptide Bonds
    - Dehydration Synthesis
  - Structural Levels
    - Primary: Linear Sequence
    - Secondary: Local Folding (Alpha Helix, Beta Sheet)
    - Tertiary: 3D Conformation
    - Quaternary: Multiple Subunits
  - Functions
    - Enzymes (Catalysis)
    - Structure (Collagen, Keratin)
    - Transport (Hemoglobin)
    - Hormones (Insulin)
    - Defense (Antibodies)
- Carbohydrates
  - Classifications
    - Monosaccharides (Glucose, Fructose)
    - Disaccharides (Sucrose, Lactose)
    - Polysaccharides
  - Major Polysaccharides
    - Starch (Plant Energy Storage)
    - Glycogen (Animal Energy Storage)
    - Cellulose (Plant Structure)
    - Chitin (Exoskeletons, Fungi)
  - Linkages
    - Glycosidic Bonds
    - Alpha Linkages (Digestible)
    - Beta Linkages (Structural/Fiber)
- Lipids
  - Fats and Oils
    - Triglycerides
    - Saturated Fatty Acids
    - Unsaturated Fatty Acids
  - Structural & Signaling
    - Phospholipids (Membrane Bilayer)
    - Steroids (Four-Ring Structure)
    - Cholesterol (Membrane Stability)
  - Properties
    - Hydrophobic
    - Nonpolar
    - Amphipathic (Phospholipids)
- Nucleic Acids
  - DNA
    - Double-Stranded Helix
    - Deoxyribose Sugar
    - Bases: A, T, C, G
  - RNA
    - Single-Stranded
    - Ribose Sugar
    - Bases: A, U, C, G
  - Monomer
    - Nucleotides
    - Sugar-Phosphate Backbone